Changthang Plateau
The ultimate guide to Changthang Plateau
What makes the Changthang Plateau unique and why should you dedicate time to visit this marvel in Ladakh ? The most fascinating aspect of Changthang Plateau is its association with the Changpa nomads, a semi-nomadic Tibetan ethnic group who have lived in this harsh environment for centuries. The Changpa people are known for their traditional yak herding lifestyle, which has more or less, remained largely unchanged despite the encroachment of modernity. Their nomadic way of life is intricately linked with the plateau’s ecosystem, showcasing an age-old symbiosis between humans and their environment. The traditional tents and carpets made by the Changpa nomads are astonishingly extraordinary. As you undertake this journey to dive deeper in to the lives of these nomads, you will come across pristine lakes and the rich species of birds and mammals. Someone with a keen eye will not fail to admire the remnants of these ancient pathways that have cultural and historical ties with ancient trade routes.
Introduction to Changthang Plateau
Chang Thang refers to High Plateau. The Changthang Plateau, located in Ladakh, India, is a striking high-altitude expanse that stretches into northern Tibet. Renowned for its breathtaking scenery and extreme climate, this semi-arid plateau sits at an average elevation of about 4,500 meters (14,800 feet). The Changthang Plateau forms a significant part of the Tibetan Plateau, a major geological and climatic feature of Central Asia. It is characterized by vast, flat expanses interspersed with salt flats, sand dunes, and rugged mountain ranges. This region is shielded from the Indian monsoon by the surrounding mountain ranges, resulting in cold, dry winters and mild, short summers.
The plateau is a high-altitude desert, marked by its stark and stunning landscapes. Key geographical features include the expansive salt flats of the Tso Moriri Lake and the shimmering blue waters of Pangong Lake. These lakes are essential to the plateau’s ecosystem, providing critical resources for both wildlife and local communities. The region’s unique combination of altitude, aridity, and remoteness makes it an exceptional destination for adventure travelers, trekkers, and those seeking to experience one of the world’s most isolated environments.
Map of the Changthang Plateau
LADAKH – MAP OF THE CHANGTHANG PLATEAU
The Changthang Plateau is a testament to the rugged beauty and ecological diversity of the high Himalayas, offering travelers a chance to connect with nature and experience the profound serenity of one of the world’s most remote regions. Whether you’re an adventurer, a wildlife enthusiast, or someone seeking a tranquil retreat, Changthang provides an unparalleled journey into the heart of Ladakh.
The Story of the Eternal Flame
The Changthang Plateau is steeped in mystique, with legends such as the story of the Eternal Flame adding to its allure. According to local folklore, an eternal flame burns within sacred sites on the plateau, lit by a revered sage or deity to symbolize the perpetual light of wisdom and truth. This flame, said to be visible only to those who have achieved a certain level of spiritual enlightenment, is a powerful symbol of divine wisdom and purity.
The legend of the Eternal Flame highlights the plateau’s deep spiritual significance. It serves as a reminder of the enduring power of wisdom and the mystical aspects of the region. Such stories enrich the cultural tapestry of the plateau, blending spiritual beliefs with its rugged, remote landscape. The presence of this eternal flame is believed to be a beacon of hope and enlightenment, reflecting the deep spiritual heritage of the Changthang region.
TSO MORIRI LAKE
Difficult to say which lake stands number one in Changthang in terms of beauty
Geographical overview of Changthang Plateau
PANGONG TSO
Lying partly in India and partly in China, this feature in the Changthang has become popular because of the movie 3 Idiots.
Spanning approximately 35,000 square kilometers, the Changthang Plateau is a prominent geographical feature in both Ladakh and Tibet. This elevated plateau stretches from the Indus River in the west to the Tso Moriri Lake in the east. The plateau’s geography is defined by its flat expanses, which are occasionally interrupted by salt flats, sand dunes, and the rugged peaks of the Ladakh range.
Historically, the Changthang Plateau has been an important region for trade and migration. Ancient trade routes connected the plateau with other parts of the Tibetan Plateau and beyond. These routes facilitated cultural and economic exchanges, contributing to the plateau’s rich cultural heritage. The region’s isolation and extreme climate have preserved many aspects of its traditional lifestyle and cultural practices, making it a unique destination for those interested in exploring both its natural beauty and historical significance.
Geological Aspects and Biodiversity of Changthang Plateau
Geology : The geological structure of the Changthang Plateau is a continuation of the Tibetan Plateau’s geological formation. It features a range of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, shaped by tectonic forces over millions of years. The plateau’s average elevation of 4,500 meters contributes to its cold and arid climate. The geological formations include ancient sedimentary layers, which provide valuable insights into the region’s geological history.
Biodiversity : Despite its harsh climate and limited vegetation, the Changthang Plateau supports a unique array of wildlife adapted to extreme conditions. The plateau is home to several rare and endangered species, including:
- Tibetan Wild Ass (Kiang) : These animals are well-adapted to the high-altitude environment and are known for their resilience. With its reddish brown body and flying black mane, the Kiang are always in rapid flight.
- Tibetan Antelope (Chiru) : Renowned for its prized wool, the Chiru is critically endangered due to poaching.
- Snow Leopard : This elusive predator is a key species in the plateau’s ecosystem and is protected by conservation efforts.
- Himalayan Marmot : An important species in the plateau’s ecological balance, known for its role in the region’s food chain.
- Migratory Birds : The black-necked crane and bar-headed goose are crucial for the plateau’s biodiversity. They use the plateau as a stopover during their migratory routes.
The flora of the Changthang Plateau includes hardy grasses and shrubs that have adapted to the extreme climate. These plants play a crucial role in supporting local wildlife and the nomadic pastoralists who inhabit the region. Yak wool, highly prized for its warmth and durability, is a significant economic resource for the local communities. The traditional use of yak wool in clothing and blankets reflects the plateau’s cultural and economic ties to its environment.
Best places to visit in Changthang Plateau
- Tso Moriri Lake : Situated at an elevation of 4,522 meters, Tso Moriri Lake is the largest lake in the Indian Union Territory of Ladakh. It is a vital water source and a key habitat for migratory birds. The lake’s pristine waters and surrounding landscapes offer stunning views and excellent opportunities for birdwatching and photography. It is also a significant site for local and migratory wildlife, including the rare black-necked crane.
- Pangong Lake : Famous for its stunning, ever-changing hues, Pangong Lake extends into China and is a highlight of the Changthang region. The lake’s remarkable colors, ranging from deep blue to turquoise, make it a photographer’s paradise. Pangong Lake gained widespread recognition due to its feature in the Bollywood film “3 Idiots,” which has contributed to its popularity as a must-visit destination.
- Chumur Valley : Known for its remote and untouched beauty, Chumur Valley offers a tranquil escape from more heavily visited areas. It is strategically located near the Indo-Tibetan border and provides spectacular views of the surrounding landscapes. The valley’s isolation makes it an ideal destination for travelers seeking solitude and adventure.
- Rumtse : Located on the route to Tso Moriri, Rumtse is a charming village with stunning landscapes and traditional Ladakhi architecture. It is an excellent base for exploring the surrounding areas and offers insights into local life and culture.
- Korzok Village : Situated near Tso Moriri Lake, Korzok is one of the highest settlements in India. It is home to the Korzok Monastery, which is an important cultural and spiritual site in the region. The village offers a glimpse into traditional Ladakhi life and serves as a gateway to the lake.
- Hanle : A remote village in Ladakh, is a hidden gem nestled in the Changthang region, near the Indo-Tibetan border. Known for its breathtaking landscapes and clear night skies, Hanle is home to one of the world’s highest astronomical observatories. The village’s serene environment and sparse population make it an ideal destination for those seeking tranquility and an authentic Ladakhi experience. Hanle is also rich in cultural heritage, with the ancient Hanle Monastery standing as a testament to its spiritual significance. Whether you’re a stargazing enthusiast or a traveler in search of peace, Hanle offers a unique glimpse into the unspoiled beauty of Ladakh.
Offbeat experiences in Changthang Plateau
- Trekking and Hiking: The Changthang Plateau offers numerous trekking and hiking opportunities with breathtaking views of its diverse landscapes. Notable treks include the Chadar Trek, which follows the frozen Zanskar River, and the Markha Valley Trek, which traverses remote valleys and traditional villages. These trails provide a chance to explore hidden monasteries, ancient trade routes, and serene lakes. These pilgrim and shepherd routes have hundreds of sheep, pashmina goats and yaks.
- Wildlife Treks: For wildlife enthusiasts, the plateau offers opportunities to spot rare and endangered species in their natural habitats. Guided wildlife treks can increase the chances of encountering elusive animals like the snow leopard and Tibetan wild ass. These treks provide a unique perspective on the region’s biodiversity and conservation efforts.
- Cultural Encounters: Engaging with the Changpa nomads offers an immersive cultural experience. Visitors can witness traditional yak herding practices, learn about the nomadic lifestyle, and participate in local festivals. The Changpa’s lifestyle remains largely unchanged by modern influences, providing a rich cultural experience for travelers. The Changpa shepherds have probably never even heard of Delhi.
- Yak Wool Workshops: Participating in workshops that showcase the traditional use of yak wool can be an enriching experience. Learn about the process of harvesting and weaving yak wool, and discover its significance in local culture and economy.
Historical and Cultural Significance of Changthang Plateau
The Changthang Plateau has a rich cultural heritage shaped by its remote location and harsh environment. The region has been inhabited for centuries by the Changpa nomads, a semi-nomadic Tibetan ethnic group whose traditional lifestyle revolves around yak herding and pastoralism. Their way of life is deeply intertwined with the plateau’s ecological conditions, reflecting a profound connection to the land. The term Chang Pa was also applied to “Tartar” shepherds who inhabited these plains. The Chang Pa are believed to have migrated from Hor in Tibet during the 8th century. The term Hor was also used for the Mongols of Genghiz Khan. Drok and Rong are two important classifications of the zones inhabited by the Chang Pa.
Drok – Pastures on the slopes of Changthang
Rong – High altitude mountain villages
Buddhism has also played a significant role in the cultural history of Changthang. The plateau is dotted with monasteries and religious sites that serve as spiritual centers and repositories of ancient Tibetan traditions. These sites are often located in remote and scenic locations, adding to their cultural and historical significance.
The Karzok Monastery, located adjacent to Tso Moriri Lake, is a notable historical site. Established between 1851 and 1861 by Lama Kunga Lodos Snyingbo with the support of the Rupsho Chieftain Tsering Tashi Namgyal, the monastery has been a key religious and cultural institution in the region. It features important Buddhist images, including those of Shakyamuni Buddha and Guru Rinpoche, and serves as a center for spiritual practice and community gatherings.
The Karzok Gu-Stor Festival is a significant cultural event held at the monastery. This two-day festival, dedicated to the eradication of evil, features vibrant mask dances and rituals performed by local dancers. The festival attracts many nomadic herdsmen and is a celebration of both religious and cultural traditions.
The Changthang Plateau, with its unique combination of natural beauty, cultural richness, and historical significance, offers a wealth of experiences for travelers. Whether exploring its remote landscapes, engaging with local communities, or discovering its spiritual heritage, the plateau provides an unparalleled adventure into one of the world’s most fascinating regions.
Other Pages about Ladakh
Motorcycle Tour in Ladakh
Enjoy the high passes on a motor cycle tour
Spiritual tour to Ladakh
Learn about Tibetan Buddhism and dive in to the ancient wisdom
Experiential journey
Travel with a social enterprise that gives you the best experience of Ladakh
